Roman Aristocracy Essay - 4218 Words

Classics 105 – Roman History What virtues and attainments defined the Roman aristocrat in the Republic? How, if at all, did this conception of the aristocrat change during the empire? Select one biography, by either Suetonius or Plutarch: discuss its subject’s successes and failures in realizing the appropriate aristocratic ideal. Include in your essay some consideration of the importance placed on this matter by the biography’s author (that is, is the matter of aristocratic excellence relevant to the biography, and, if so, in what ways? If not, why not?) What virtues and attainments defined the Roman aristocrat in the Republic? How, if at all, did this conception of the aristocrat change during the†¦show more content†¦A greater client base enhanced the nobles’ political success by increasing their number of votes. The clients were pleased with this arrangement as long as stability and freedom were secured.11 The clientela system had similarities to the process of lobbying observed today in many modern democracies. If the nobility could uphold these benefits to the ordinary Romans, all would be well. This relationship enabled the Roman elite to control not only Rome, but also the rest of Italy and its allies giving the aristocrats more prestige and influence in the political scene.12 In the Republic, aristocracy followed two main virtues, virtus and gloria and displays of these two virtues defined one as a great man, honoring ones ancestors and progeny. Virtus can be translated in many different ways depending on what it concerns. The most common translation is ‘manliness’ but it can also be associated with prayer, money or the quality of man.13 In context to the Roman aristocrat it was in relation to the individuals glory and greatness one attained from serving the Roman state.14 Virtus could also be gained by the good conduct of the aristocracy.15 Their morals in the second BC had been tainted by debauchery but they still prided themselves on not fighting their wars with money, reward or trickery.16 Aristocracy had toShow MoreRelatedPolybiuss Politics And Aristocracy In The Roman Republic1469 Words   |  6 Pagesnations governments, it was not without flaws. In John Norths article Politics and Aristocracy in the Roman Republic he contends that P olybiuss constitution was democratic, while in reality it did not operate as such. In the article, Polybius on the Roman Republic: Foretelling a Fall, Mary Jo Davies challenges that the Roman Imperial power did not allow for republican politics. Polybiuss theory of the Roman Constitution can be viewed as a political philosophy on Rome; however, one can alsoRead More Daisy Miller by Henry James Essays949 Words   |  4 Pages he is willing to accept her for the vivacious young American girl she is. Although Daisys customs are not what are expected of young girls in European society, Winterbourne is charmed by Daisy and her original ideals. He defends Daisy to the aristocracy, claiming that she is just uncultivated and is truly innocent. As the story progresses, Winterbourne finds himself questioning Daisys true nature in comparison to the standards of European society. Winterbournes opinion of Daisy changes fromRead MoreEssay on The Age of Chaucer567 Words   |  3 Pagesundersta nd fully the background of this age. Great Britain is divided into England, Wales and Scotland. Its inhabitants, the Britons, spoke Celtic. From the first to the fifth century, England was a province of the Roman Empire and was named Britannia. In addition to this change, the Roman invaders brought Christianity, thus, the entire island converted to it gradually. The Anglo-Saxon invaders of the island brought with them a tradition of oral poetry because nothing was written down before the conversionRead MoreRome During The Revolution Of Rome Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesdescendant of the earliest Roman, Aeneas. This system can, of course, be seen as a type of aristocracy, since the common people would never have been chosen as a successor for rule. After the revolution of Rome in 509 BCE, Rome became ‘democratic;’ that is that they now had more than just a king and now had voting assemblies made of the male citizens of Rome. These citizens now had legislative duties, could be more than just the people, and could now be a legitimate power in Roman society. However, whenRead MoreThe Roman Republic874 Words   |  4 PagesCenturies the Roman Republic was ruled over by some twenty families of Patricians , these families represented the upper crust of society, a society which prided itself on the continuation of the family line. This system was threatened by the ideology of novitas which people achieved glory not from there illustrious family history, but through merit. Cato the Elder and Gaius Marius were not born of noble stock and thus represent two of the best examples of novus homo in action. The Roman RepublicRead MoreThe Classical Romans And The Roman Civilization1202 Words   |  5 PagesMarlee Bunker HIS-111-02 Mr. Shelton October 13, 2014 The Classical Romans There is a lot of background on the Classical Roman Civilization. They had many traditions and values that came from ancient Italians. The culture of the Romans was inclined by classical Greece. Many of the things that Romans did came from the Greeks. They were the type who did not like the idea of new things coming to place because they thought it may be dangerous. They wanted to keep the old traditions and values, asRead MoreThe Importance Of Socialization In Ancient Roman Society1043 Words   |  5 Pagesbiggest and most indicative social activity in ancient Roman society was that of gladiatorial combat, and all of the additional components that went along with it. Roman’s of all ages, backgrounds, and social classes spent an exorbitant amount of time observing and enjoying this brutal pastime. For many, especially historians that hold Rome in high regard, it’s hard to believe that these games were such a critical and pervasive component of Roman social life. â₠¬Å"To historians the games are scandalousRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire921 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beginning of the Roman Empire there were two political classes, the Plebeians and Patricians. The Patricians were the aristocracy in society and put all the hard labor on the Plebeians, who were servants to the Patricians. The balances of power in Roman society changed quickly when the plebeians chose to rise up and rebel against the Roman rule. The rebellion the Plebeians had against the Patricians caused a drastic change in the Roman Empire. At the beginning of the Roman Empire the aristocratsRead MoreThe Roman Empire903 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the greatest empires in history is the Roman Empire, but ironically what makes it one of the greatest is also what lead it to start falling apart. In other words, many different factors lead Rome to its success and prosperity, but these factors also are the ones that initialize the ruin of the republic. Different authors such as Polybius, Cicero, Sallust and Plutarch describe several of these factors that lead the Roman Empire to its glory and failure. Polybius relates Rome’s success to itsRead MoreAfter The Fall Of Tarquinius Superbus’ Reign Of Rome, The1318 Words   |  6 Pagesnew era in Roman history: the republic. The early republic is mostly a patrician favoring institute and created it in order â€Å"to restore power and privileges that popular royal tyrants had usurped from them† and to make it â€Å"difficult for any one aristocrat to acquire t oo much power at the expense of the rest† (Ward 59). Greek historian, Polybius, in his book, Histories, talks about the greatness of this Roman republic and its constitution by claiming: â€Å"Now the elements by which the Roman constitution

Biased Media And The Presidential Election Essay - 1649 Words

Biased Media in the 2016 presidential election â€Å"The roots of media bias go back to the nineteenth century, and complaints about bias in part reflect a questionable idea about the media’s role and purpose: that newspapers and other dispensers of public information exist to transmit objective, factual information gleaned and communicated by credentialed professionals.† – Bruce Thornton Media bias had a big role in the 2016 presidential election. In this world of information, media had a big role transmiting the news and events to a very demanding audience. And the word â€Å"bias† was trending throughout the whole election. But, what is media bias? Media is bias when it fails to be fair and objective while reporting. With the idea of a biased media in the table, it is interesting to know how people chose their media intake, and what is their perception about it. Studies have shown a growing distrusts toward the â€Å"mainstream† media. Perhaps media bias was one of the most used accusation by the republican nominee. And indeed some experts argue that journalists and media directors have shown a tendency to the left. But studies have shown no significant partisan bias favoring the left. But it seems that the mere idea of media bias had a big role in the 2016 presidential elections. Media bias began in the 19th century and has been present in every information outlet since then. The Merriam-Webster dictionary, defines bias, as a tendency or inclination of temperament or outlook. So,Show MoreRelatedMedia And Its Impact On Politics1325 Words   |  6 Pagesupon thousands of media platforms exist, it’s not surprising that media is one of the strongest, if not the biggest, influences in our current presidential election. No matter where each of us turn, whether it be to a newspaper, social media, or our televisions, every single one of us has seen some sort of news report or article discussing presidential candid ates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. However, every year, there seems to be this constant struggle when it comes to the media coverage, as itRead MoreMedia Bias Essay examples893 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Bias Is the Media Bias? Many people including myself believe that it is. On the other hand, there are people who believe that media is not biased and just states facts. These people (i.e. my dad), who believe that media is not biased also believe that everything on TV is true, in my experience. We see bias in media (print or broadcast) many times. It might be the subtlest of things that is unnoticeable to more blatant attempts. The fact is bias is everywhere and it is very difficultRead MoreMedia s Views On Media Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesThere are numerous media outlets that we are exposed to daily that are managed by individuals who hold resolute views regarding specific pressing political topics. They share their views with the general public. Media is made up of various dissimilar forms. These include social media, television, radio, and podcasts. As a result of these abundant media sources, many viewers are affected by what they are subjected to daily when exhibiting medi a. Thus, media in the United States is biased; News outletsRead MoreMedia s Views On Media Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous media outlets that we are exposed to daily that are managed by individuals who hold resolute views regarding specific pressing political topics. They share their views with the general public. Media is made up various dissimilar forms. These include social media, television, radio, and podcasts. As a result of these abundant media sources, many viewers are affected by what they are subjected to daily when exhibiting media. Thus, media in the United States is undoubtedly biased; News outletsRead MoreWho Holds The Most Influence Over The Election Process?1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most influence over the election process? This is a question citizens have long argued and will continue to argue as long as the American democratic system is in place. Most arguments tend to put blame on a single â€Å"actor† in the political process. Whether they n ame the parties, the candidates, the media, or rarely the public as the ultimate power holder, the tendency is again the idea to single out one participate as the sole authority over the American election process. We have discussed inRead MoreMedia Exploitation Of The Media1659 Words   |  7 PagesEssay Can the media exploit your perception of reality? While most people would like to say that they have a solid mind and aren’t easily deceived, the truth is that the media’s mass exploitation of the human mind is comes easier and more common than people think. Media exploitation is when people use the media to manipulate information to appeal to a specific audience, which in turn furthers their own agenda’s, whether it be political, social, or economical. While the media exploiting the publicRead MoreFake News And Its Effects On The Election Of The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagesfake news has real and significant political consequences. The most obvious and relevant of these consequences is the election of the forty fifth president of the United States. â€Å"The poll lends weight to the suggestion that the US election result was influenced by a widespread belief in fake news among Trump supporters† (Hunt). Multiple stories were shared on many types of media platforms that were simply untrue about either Trump or Clinton. For example, one poll found that â€Å"73% of Trump votersRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt s Presidential Election1225 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of public radio (Walsh). In the 1952 presidential race, Dwight Eisenhower promoted his campaign by creating political advertisements on TV (Fowler, Franz, Ridout). Since then, not only have radio and TV advertisements been a defining aspect of presidential elections, but also, social media, a more modern avenue for politicians. This has become one of the most effective campaigning strategies in modern day elections. President Obama’s 2008 presidential race is one of the most significant examplesRead MorePresidential Election : Presidential Election s1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2016 presidential election may happen to be one of the most memorable elections to have ever been. From the campaign speeches, to the Democratic and Republican National conventions, and even the presidential debates; Americans seemed to constantly be voicing their opinions on every aspect of the election, and who they believe is the more suitable candidate for president, especially on social media. The 2016 presidential election marks one of the more recent elections where we start to see socialRead More Media Role in the Presidential Election Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing elections The Medias rules of an election change the face of the election itself. They are, if you may, the gatekeepers of information, in a time where the information we get will form the issues of the election. If the news tells us tomorrow that the stock market dropped 410 points today but did not tell us that the U.S. embassy in Iraq was bombed then what do you think we will care about the most. Each channel of media has its own biased. Fox news is leaning toward the right

Madame Butterfly Free Essays

Ali Appelbaum WGST 199-01 Professor Uman March 16, 2008 Society puts a strong focus on individuals who experience the act of cross-dressing to create an identity for themselves. The act of cross-dressing helps a person to feel comfortable with themselves because they are able to gain a sense of independence, confidence, and individuality. In the play M. We will write a custom essay sample on Madame Butterfly or any similar topic only for you Order Now Butterfly, by David Henry Hwang, constructing an identity is made through the character Song. By looking at Song’s appearance in M. Butterfly, we can see that clothing and disguise constructs an identity. The play, M. Butterfly uses the character Song to show the audience how cross-dressing is common, and can make one’s personality. Song cross-dresses from an Asian male, to an Asian female. Throughout the play Song plays the role of a female but expresses herself in a more confident, and independent way as an Asian female. This is because Song has had a gender cross to a women, she is able to demonstrate these qualities in her new identity she has formed. M. Butterfly is about a French diplomat, Gallimard and his love attraction for Song. Gallimard feels as though he’s never been in love, and has a hard time relating to women, until Song comes along. Song, playing the romantic role of Gallimard’s lover takes charge without Gallimard realizing a male was really wooing him the whole time. Song possesses traits of a female, which gives her confidence to pursue her relationship with Gallimard until he’s fallen in love. In the end, Song reveals herself for the man she is, but continues to act with more confidence and independence as a woman than as a man. In the play, you can see that disguise constructs an identity through the character Song. During a scene, Gallimard comments on Song’s feminine appearance and the other women he see’s in China. Song responds to Gallimard, â€Å"Please. Hard as I try to be modern, to speak like a man, to hold a Western woman’s strong face up to my own†¦ in the end, I fail. A small, frightened heart beats too quickly and gives me away. Monsieur Gallimard, I’m a Chinese girl. I’ve never†¦ never invited a man up to my flat before. The forwardness of my actions makes my skin burn† (1. 11 Hwang). This quotes shows that Song posses traits as a female and is proud. Although Song is a male, he has built himself a female identity from disguise. Confidence is expressed in Song’s remarks by telling in conversation how she believes she is more knowledgeable than Gallimard. Song also makes sure notice is taken of her delicate and pretty appearance. Song remarks back to Gallimard, â€Å"Your history serves you poorly, Monsieur Gallimard. True, there were signs reading â€Å"No dogs and Chinamen. But a woman, especially a delicate Oriental woman—we always go where we please. Could you imagine it otherwise? Clubs in China filled with pasty, big-thighed white women, while thousands of slender lotus blossoms wait just outside the door? The clubs would be empty. We have always held a certain fascination for you Caucasian men, have we not? (2. 4 Hwang). Song has shown to her audience that she has a strong confidence about the female body and face. She explains to Gallimard that her new identity, a delicate Oriental woman, is always welcomed in society. Song also feels a sense of power because although she is a man working for the Chinese government, she feels comfortable in her feminine identity. A conversation between Song and her advisor Comrade Chin demonstrates how Song has created has created an identity for herself in disguise. When Song is in quarters where she can act like man, she still acts in a feminine order, rather than a masculine tone. Chin asks Song, â€Å"†¦Is that home come you dress like that? † (2. 4 Hwang). Song responds by saying, â€Å"Like what, Miss Chin? † (2. Hwang). Chin remarks with what he believes is reality by saying, â€Å"Like that dress! You’re wearing a dress. And every time I come here, you’re wearing a dress. Is that because you’re an actor? Or what? † (2. 4 Hwang). Song reveals her identity by saying, â€Å"It’s a†¦ disguise, Miss Chin† (2. 4 Hwang). This conversation between Comrade Chin and Song shows the audience that Song is aware of the fact that she is a male, but possesses more of an interest in the feminine personality and ways of life because she is more confident. How to cite Madame Butterfly, Papers

Estimation Of Current Market Value Of Ship †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Estimation Of Current Market Value Of Ship. Answer: The estimation of current market value of any particular ship at specific time is known as ship valuation. Generally, ship evaluation is provided by ship brokerage company who acts as a negotiator between the buyer or charters and the seller. For the valuation of assets like ship, highly skilled and well-established knowledge is required. There are general guidelines that are followed to provide reasonable market value of ships(Iain Goldrein, 2012). The most widely used approach that are used for valuation of ships are as follows: Market approach In this process comparable ships with similar specifications, age, freight carrying capacity etc that has been recently sold is used as a reference to estimate value of a ship(Merikas, Sigalas, Karatzas, Drobetz, 2012). Here, the transaction made during the past sale of reference ship is used as a guideline to evaluate market value of the ship to be sold. Replacement cost In this approach ship value is estimated by assuming the current market cost to be paid in order to get a new ship that functions similarly as ship to be evaluated. In other words, in this method the value of the vessel is equated with the estimated cost required to replace the vessel. This method is mostly applied for the ships that are highly customized for some specific trades and projects. Such ships are very low in demands in sale environment. Income Approach In this method most of the interest for ship valuation is the present value consisting of all the net earnings of the vessel which it will generate during its remaining life with addition of the savage value. This is one of the most rigorous and widely accepted approach of calculating the value of the assets, including vessels, impending at proper inputs to the financial model which can impact in the valuation of the vessel. One of the major challenges in this approach is the projection of cargo revenue which is dependent on the market conditions of tonnage supply, its demand and also on the strategy of the buyers on chartering. The valuations request is often made by the banks, insurance company, national shipping lines, Government of different nations and other national or international agencies. The various reasons of valuations are listed below: As vessels can be used as a security for mortgage, so the bank need the assessment of the vessels to approve a loan application. During auction, the court needs to know the value of the vessel so that it can advise the creditors accordingly. While insuring the vessels its value is to be known. During company audit, it has to report to its shareholders regarding the value of the asset for which valuation is must. As an investment prospects, the owner can raise finance equal to the value of the asset. In case of the legal disputes, the value of vessels is determined for the settlement between the partners. Government policies or regulations. The valuations also happen in case the vessels are under shared or family ownership. Bibliography Iain Goldrein, M. H. (2012). Ship Sale and Purchase. Abingdon: Informa Law From Routledge. Merikas, A. G., Sigalas, C., Karatzas, B. M., Drobetz, W. (2012, 4). Valuation Models: A Practical Appraisal. Retrieved from Marine Money: https://www.academia.edu/6280106/Vessel_Valuation_Models_-_A_Practical_Appraisal_Merikas_Andreas_Sigalas_Christos_Drobetz_Wolfgang_Karatzas_Basil_M

Introduction for Human Resourse Management free essay sample

BA Hospitality and Service Management ____________________________________________________________ Introduction to Human Resource Management ____________________________________________________________ Assignment Submission (Part 2) Integrative Case Study – Cafe Co Date of Submission: 29 April 2010 -1- Table of Contents Page no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction Aim and objectives for the training course How the training course will improve performance Timetable for 2 day induction programme Training methods and media explanations Evaluation for the course Conclusions List of References Appendix 3 3 4 4 8 12 13 16 17 -2- 1. Introduction Cafe Co was one of the top five coffee houses in the globe market. Due to many competitors grown rapidly, the business of Cafe Co was slipping down to the number five position in recent year. So that, Ben was decided to relaunch Cafe Co to be the number one coffee house across the globe. In order to co-operate in this new vision, Kim decided the 2 day training programme to the new baristas. 2. Aim and objective for the training course The aim for the training course was let the new baristas know more information about the company history and organization goals, through the training to enhance their working performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction for Human Resourse Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kim should use the SMART objective (Drucker, 1954) for the training course. Specific was to be the number one coffee house across the globe. Measurable was through the reputation to increase the market share. Achievable, was to provide an excellence customer service and use the best products quality to attract more new customers. Realistic was provided a suitable training to new baristas for increase their products knowledge and skillful for excellence customer service. Finally, was told them the time-bound. -3- . How the training course will improve performance Normally, in the 2 day training course, the new baristas would know more information and the organization goals about Cafe Co, they could built up a good relationship between another baristas, It would easily let them put into their jobs. Moreover, through the training, they would learn more critical techniques for coffee preparation, understood the customer needs, trained up how to provide an excellence customer services and all the things about their duties. Therefore, when they first time on duties in the stores, they had good enough knowledge and to be a skillful baristas. Then, it should be the first step for Cafe Co to become a successful coffee house. 4. Timetable for 2 day induction programme Cafe Co would be hold the 2 day training course the new baristas in a small group around 12-16 people, date would be arranged on 1st July, 2007 and 2nd July, 2007 in 09:00-17:00, venue would be in Cafe Co Head Office Function Room, all trainees must wear a formal dressing when they attended in this training course, and Kim would invited the top line manager to be one of the trainer. 4- Training Timetable for Day 1 Time Contents Welcome 0900-0930 speech system Leaflet, To introduce company history, Company 0930-1045 introduction and lesson recorder, System 1045-1100 Break Line managers would share Experience 1100-1200 Line manager PA system, their working experience in PA goals and company structure Training video projector, DVD market share, o rganization for this training Methods Resources mic and Purposes PA Let the trainees know the aim share form line and managers video raining projector, DVD Cafe Co, career paths for the recorder new baristas and how to handle the case Welcome lunch hold by Cafe Co, the aim was gave the 1200-1400 Lunch chance to all trainees for built up a good relationship and rapport between each others. Through the video, let trainees Technique providing 1400-1530 excellence customer for know Projector, DVD customer service skills and Training video recorder, system, customer service was most PA why provide an excellence how to improve the service (Part 1) important in Cafe Co. -5- 1530-1545 Break Gave them a case study, through the group discussion to Technique providing 1545-1700 excellence customer service (Part 2) for Group Pens find out the best way to solve and the case problems. Then Discussion and papers, Role Play system PA through the role play, they could know which kinds of sayings and behaviors were easier to make the mistakes and how to do the best. Training Timetable for Day 2 Time Contents Methods Resources Purposes To make sure trainees after this Notes, pens To introduce all and papers, 0900-1000 products in the company projector, PC knowledge. Coffee Illustrating how to make a Technique of 1000-1100 coffee making Demonstration list, coffee cups for difference kinds of coffees and teaspoons 1100-1115 1115-1230 Coffee making Game Break Coffee After the demonstration, machine, drink flavorful coffee and ingredients Lesson PowerPoint, enhance their products products in the company, and session would know all kinds of -6- machine, drink trainees could try to make their ist, coffee cups own coffee under the trainer and teaspoons 1230-1400 Introduce coffee house 1400-1445 daily operations Coffee house Gave trainees a case study and 1445-1530 daily operation Role play practices 1530-1545 Break Gave an idea to trainees how to Brief introduction for 1545-1630 Point-Of-sell (POS) system based training PowerPoint, projector, PC be operating be senior baristas, so that trainees only need to have the basic concept. Trainees could raise out all Questions and 1630-1700 Answers papers understood. Trainees need to fill up the Evaluation 1650-1700 Evaluation forms comments before they left. evaluation and wrote down their Pens and questions if they did not Technology Notes, pens and papers, operate the POS system, but normally POS system should Mic they need to perform the role. Lesson PowerPoint, projector, PC Lunch Notes, pens and papers, instruction. -7- 5. Training methods and media explanations Referring to the 2 day training timetable in Cafe Co, it was use the several training methods in the captioned training course. The methods were including lesson, demonstration, training video, group discussion, game and technology based training. Lesson was always used in training course, it could present the information, direct instruction, theories and ideas to trainees. Through the lesson, they got a basic concept for those subjects. In the captioned training course, it was used lesson in introduce the products and coffee houses operation, those information were not change frequently, trainees could following the guideline later on. Training video, one of the advantages for using training video should be let trainees feel a little bit humor. Difference videos had difference aims, the video shown them Cafe Co introduction and experience sharing from line managers were let them knew more history and career opportunity in Cafe Co. recording to those videos, they would know the company how to growing up and the organization goals of the company. On the other hand, when they watched the video for providing excellence customer service, they could feel more interesting, because of the video was shown them a case studies and they -8- could find out some mistakes showing in the video. Group discussion for providing excellence customer service was set up after the training video, aim was encourage them thinking more about how to provide the excellence customer service and teach them which was the right way. Role play was the face to face training, it can built up trainees confidence, through the role play, they could more understood the reality situation, and it could make their job smoothly. At the same time, trainer would observe how many knowledge they got and could they know how to use in reality environment through their group discussion and role play. Demonstration would be used in he technique of coffee making, it could be illustrating trainees how to make a cup of coffee and coffee machine operation. If only through the lesson told them the issue, they were difficult to understand all of these, so that uses the demonstration, trainer could indicate them which were the better way to do these. Following the demonstration, it decided a game for them to practic e how to make it by themselves, then they would be to know what were the well making methods and sometimes they could find out the useful solutions by themselves, meantime they could raise out the problems and unclear procedure when they felt in. The last method in the training course was the technology based training, it -9- used in the Point-Of-Sell (POS) system in the training. First of all, this system should be a computerized system, and trainees only want to have a basic idea of this system. Because of most of stores in Cafe Co, this system would be operated by the senior baristas. Under the reason, trainees had more chance to learn in the future. Due to the new baristas with difference character, for that reason it would be used the difference kind of training method to make them easier to learn. Experiential learning was the method to help trainees built up relations between thinking and doing. It could be seen as a learning cycle in 4 styles, there were Activists, Reflectors, Theorists and Pragmatists, Honey and Mumford’s (1992) learning styles. Probably, the training methods would be defining in these styles. Activists was fit for the outgoing, optimistic and enthusiastic people, normally they were tend to be looking for new experiences and opportunities, they like to be a centre of attention, working with other people in team tasks or role playing, and they would be jump in the deep end with a difficult task. The philosophy of them was they would like to try all the new things and least one time. Role play and game should be suit for this kind’s people. Strengths of activists would be flexible and open-minded, trainees would feel happy and 10 easier to build up good relation, and they would enjoy and put into the training. Reflectors were thoughtful, analytical and good listeners, they were careful, thorough and methodical, and they could observe individuals or group at work. They were good at listening and assimilating information, reviewing what has happened and thinking about what they had learned. Training video and group discussion were most suitable for reflectors, trainees through these training method to find out and clarify where were the problems occurred, and they would think about how to improve when they in those situation. However, the weakness of them would be they likely to procrastinate and properly they could produce analyses and reports without tight deadlines. Theorists were logical, objective, systematic and analytical, they would be a perfectionist and they were approaching to ask the scrutiny questions. They were good in analyze and handle the rational objectivity carefully, but not any subjective or equivocal thing. They were difficult to accept the subjective judgment and horizontal thinking. Though the lesson could teach them a theory and gave them a clear instruction, they would produce step by step analysis in the subject. Pragmatists were the people care about in practical, realistic and technology. They dislike discuss in a long period and impatient to thinking repeatedly. They 11 would look for practical application, experiments in new ideas and new things, question and chance they would look as a new challenge. Using technology based training was a good for them. 6. Evaluation for the course The accurate evaluation report was very important for built up a systematic training cycle, it could summarize many suggestions from trainees, and trainers could through those reports to do some improvement for the next training program. Therefore, trainer should design a useful evaluation form for trainees fill in at the end of the training course (refer to appendix 1). Referenced from Kirkpatrick’s learning evaluation theory, Kirkpatrick (1956), it could define in 4 stages. Firstly, was Reaction. Trainer could care and feel all about the reaction from trainees, such as if the training process was very silent or quiet, that mean trainees feel boring or not interesting for the subject. Contrarily, trainees would raise out some questions or gave trainer some reaction when they interesting about the subject. Secondly, was Learning. Trainer could decide a quiz or test in the end of each training session, then trainer would know trainees learn how many knowledge in the captioned 12 training courses. Thirdly, was Behavioral. Following the training, trainer could communicate with line mangers, recommend line managers fill in an appraisal form for the trainees who attended in training, then trainer would evaluate the improvement for their performance and job behavior. Moreover, trainer could compare with another baristas did not join in the training, following this research, trainer could do an analysis for the captioned issue and know how effective for the training course. Finally, was Results. Trainer needed to take time to observe the organizational performance within the designated period. Then, trainer would be evaluating the outcome for the training. 7. Conclusions When Cafe Co starting to hold the training course for the new baristas, Kim should be keep on to monitor how effective all the times, because set up the training would use a lot of money and manpower. Therefore, if it was not effectiveness, Kim must review the training contents, methods and trainers as soon as possible. Such, the company would not waste money, manpower and materials when doing in this way. 13 8. List of References ? Banfield, P. , and Kay, R. (2008) Introduction to Human Resource Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press ? Beardwell, J. , and Claydon, T. ,(2007) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach. 5thedition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited ? Bloisi, W (2007) An Introduction to Human Resource Management. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill Education ? Foot, M. and Hook, C. (2005) Introducing Human Resource Management. 4th edition. Harlow: Pearson Education ? Easterby-Smith (1986 ) cited in Harrison, R. (2005) Learning and Development. 4th edition. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Gibb, S. (2002) Learning and Development: processes, practices and perspectives at work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ? Hamblin (1974) in Harrison, R. (2005) Learning and Development. 4th edition. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. 14 9. Appendix Appendix 1 Cafe Co’s Training Evaluation From Name of the Course: ___________________ Date: ___________________ Time: ___________________ Please indicate your opinion for the items listed below. Excellence = 5 Good = 4 Fair = 3 Poor = 2 Very Poor = 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 Will you be able to apply the knowledge learned? The training can meet your expectations? Can you identify the training objectives for each session? How the presentation interesting? How do you feel the training overall? How do you think all trainers have enough preparation? 7 Which training session were the mos t useful to you? ____________________________________________________________ ____ 8 Other comments: ____________________________________________________________ ____ Thank you for completing the evaluation form. 15

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Generation Y Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Parents and teachers, mind mapping with children

Parents and teachers, mind mapping with children Whether you are a parent or whether you are a teacher, the opening chapters of this book have got you and your children started on Mind Mapping. You have found that they your children, or child, have become more creative, now study faster and more effectively, remember better, save time and see the whole picture. You agree that these reasons are absolutely huge benefits for them and indirectly, for you. A Mind Map has accelerated your kids learning and has got them to use their whole brain. It has worked in tandem with your brain and your childs brain by using colour, images, symbols, curved lines, words, space, associations and connections to get their thought processes to flow. Children benefit from this kind of learning as it allows them to practice using their imagination and learn about things that are of interest to them, thus giving them ownership of what they are learning about. The process of Mind mapping has evoked the best of responses from children and from their parents on account of all this. The childrens responses were literally enacted by them, through their facial expression. Parents commented that even their younger children were talking a great deal more about learning and school work at home. All children like colourful things and love to draw. Mind Map is a fun activity for young children. And when children like to write Mind Maps, their brains learn to like it as well. The immediate result, as discussed in Chapter 1, is improved memory. The skills required in Mind Mapping can be applied to study and allows studying to be fun, as discussed in Chapter 3. Now take a look at colour and images, symbols and use of icons, curved lines, and words and creative space in general, as used on the Mind Map. How children use image and graphics You have given your child a topic. We would have to take an example at this point, and a case study. A history lesson to a six year old could have mentioned the Taj Mahal. As mentioned earlier, children love drawing. A child could symbolise the mausoleum by outlining any building shape. Another child who thinks that exact is best, could adapt it to the shape of the Taj Mahal. Yet another innovative six-year-old would save on time by cutting out a picture of the Taj Mahal from a picture book or magazine. The three children have set the focus of the Mind Map in the centre and in their own, very individual ways. They have made decisions on how to draw or find the necessary picture. The child who cut out the picture used her fine motor skills to wield the scissors, as did the other two who drew and painted while handling a pencil and paint brush. The image of the Taj Mahal formed in the creative right brain hemispheres of all three. Tiny, accurate electrical impulses formed in the grey matter of these right hemispheres and raced through the cell axons to connect with the organizational centres on the same and in the left hemisphere of the childrens brains. Associations were formed between neurons in the childrens brain and nerve centres further down in their body systems. They sent messages to get their fine finger muscles working. The children would go on to make dozens of images and words separately, and image labels. They would go on to perpetrate the pattern of associations which had begun in their brains. They have looked up books in the library to be able to see what the emperor and empress who are buried in the Taj Mahal look like. Chances are, that they used cut-outs of their images to be able to portray a better likeness. They associated thoughts such as romance and marriage, death of the empress and loss. They picked up the idea of the greatest mausoleum of all times, of architectural finesse and may have wished to know about more members of the royal family. The main theme was surrounded by interesting facets of information connected to it. The connections were make on paper with lines leading from the main theme to these pieces of pictorial and worded information. These were attached because the brain works by association, and if the lines are attached, the ideas will internally be similarly attached. None of the children had to deal with a wall of hard, dry facts. They have found and associated what they were looking for. They also want to look for more, in the future. They may want to do a Mughal genealogical chart. It was fun for them and they sought and handled enlivening information. The have only to see the little pictures on the Mind Map and the overall picture from their memory to recall the facts connected to the Taj Mahal. They look forward to history revision before a class examination. The Taj Mahal Mind Map, like all Mind Maps, commenced in the centre because this reflects the many-hooked nature of the brains thinking processes, and allows more space and freedom for ideas to develop from the central core. Use of hand drawn or researched images by children fit in with the saying a picture is worth a thousand words. Original and borrowed pictures are applied here to boost both memory and creativity. Illustrator: Portray Taj Mahal Mind Map. Should be hand drawn by child You and your children know by now that Mind Maps can be drawn free-hand, or they can be made by inputs fed to Mind Map software on childrens computers and they can be printed. The computerized version has the advantage of quickly searching for images, making and printing the diagram. Some of the Mind Mapping software store images in a clip organizer and help users to select an image appropriate for the subject on hand. The disadvantage is that it detracts from childrens creativity. A computer printout is bound to appear too tidy, too organized. Its size is limited to regular A4 printout paper. Children, on the other hand, have much more freedom through freehand drawings and pasted pictures on a sheet of chart paper. Another consideration while on the topic of images for Mind Maps, is the overall image or Mind Map design. As with any diagram which investigates a single main topic, older children such as those closer to thirteen years of age, can move on to star and spider diagrams. Younger ones still prefer the freedom of freehand placing, drawing and joining. Children who are ten years of age and above find that the star format provides methods that help develop their study skills still further. Taking notes, reading, doing homework and even parrot-mugging can be noted along the end points of the star. On the other hand, if the topic involves investigating attributes associated with a single topic, and they then place the information like the branches of a tree, with associated information at the end points and with more associated knowledge arising from these in-between points, the children can use a spider diagram for their Mind Map. Example: Finding methods that help maturing childrens study skills (like taking notes, reading, memorizing, etc.), and investigating the factors involved in performing each of the methods. Adding colour-coding and/or pictures to a Mind Map further increases the utility, grouping and readability of the visual display. How children relate to colour Educationists encourage children to use colour in their Mind Maps. Children themselves admit to being able to think better in colour. Use of colour rates among the top ten Mind Mapping tips and techniques for anybody. IllustrationThe Mind Map Gurus point out that in a Mind Map, colour and images are not just decorative. They stimulate the childs brain as he creates the map. On the other side are the children who are looking at a completed Mind Map, trying to figure it all out. Colour helps them to clarify associated ideas as they see the map and absorb consolidate and retain the information. One criticism is that new Mind Map users could be intimidated by the colourful Mind Maps they see on the wall in class, in books or online. One Guru commented that a perfectly executed Mind Map may make a first-timer doubt his own ability in creating something as good. For someone like this, it has been explained that Mind Maps, especially among children, tend to grow easily and with least effort. They should not be held up as an achievement in themselves, but as a bridge to learning. Mind Maps dont need to be works of art. Scratch maps are those Mind Maps which have been created to do something quickly, or to develop and order ideas. The thought here is that colour can be used to group similar ideas together. Going back to the star or spider diagrams which serve to organize and manage these ideas, children can think of lettering or an image placed on different bright coloured solid circles at the tips of the star or spider diagrams. Another idea is to support similar ideas by using different shades of the same colour in Mind Map diagrams. Children have a profound sense of colour. They have an instinct about how colour can be best used to make the Mind Map vivid, memorable and unique to the subject and for you. Left to themselves, the six year olds would begin with coloured chart paper and progress through brightly coloured frames for the central theme. When older children require text or labelling for drawing and with drawings, they would reach for coloured felt pens. Some tips when writing with coloured pens: Use upper and lower case lettering, not normal handwriting. The youngest who have just started to write would proceed in the writing they are most familiar with. It does not have to be joined writing. Write keywords on the branches. Experiment with Horizontal (landscape) page format. Larger sheets hold more information. Colour makes the Mind Map memorable. In the same way that ideas were grouped by colour for star and spider diagrams, free floating ideas can be grouped by circling them in colour. The youngest of children love red. Important points might be marked with red. Colour absolutely affects our lives and our childrens development. When colour is chosen with a purpose we create a balanced, harmonious environment where children can claim their birthright and reach their full potential. Colour is the bright site of childhood. Children adore colours and respond to colour. However childrens response differs from adults reaction. As you accompany your children in their Mind Map exercises, colour should become your ally. Adults can do this by viewing their use of the language of colour correctly. Children start with a limited palette of the brightest colours from the bottom of the age ladder. They begin with red. Their choices expand and widen as they grow towards adolescence. Colour is the first characteristic which babies and children distinguish in their environment. We are aware that children perceive only black and white colours (light and darkness). This may be true at birth, but as the months pass, the situation undergoes radical changes. First children start to distinguish red colour. Later they start to perceive other bright colours such as yellow, and progress to the others in the spectrum. When little children begin to draw and colour, their works are bound to portray bright colours. Toddlers themselves tend to be attracted to brightly coloured toys and motifs. Numerous academic researches show that childrens preferences change with increasing age. Many children under ten when asked, will identify red (or pink) and yellow as their favourite colours. Those above ten say that they start preferring blue. Experts who study child development consider it to be with the process of growing up. They tell us that such changing preferences tie in with changing and improving abilities, with maturity and the perception of different moods. Educationists have also found that colour preferences are closely connected with the gender. Numerous researches show that most little girls from the age of six onwards prefer pink, lavender or violet. Little boys like black and other dark colours more than girls of their age. Adults accustom little girls and boys to like certain colours. The question here is, are girls and boys colour choices acquired or natural/innate? Speaking about emphasizing certain characteristics by means of colours, gender identification is only one example. If you see a childs chart done up in bright colour, it could advantage the child who has drawn it by being not only meaningful, but memorable as well. As explained, the childs memory of the colours used may open the door to what the colour enclosed or signified in text. Again, the child is learning by making associations. Publishers are aware of this fact and have used colour in childrens and teenagers books to the maximum advantage. You also can use it to teach, motivate and inspire children who draw their inspiration from you. Colour language and children First consider how children get acquainted with colours. They learn to distinguish them long before they know their names. Children learn the names of colours at around the age of 2-5. Girls usually identify colours earlier than boys. Of course, all children develop differently, as the process of growing up is connected with the state of nervous system. Here are typical associations between colours and where a child can find them, in the natural form. It is helpful information as young children progress through their charted Mind Map Yellow bananas, lemons, sun Red apples, tomatoes Blue jeans, sky Green peas, grass, leaves Grey an elephant Brown a bear, tree bark Illustration Research has shown that, for example that if you were to paint an apple blue, show this blue apple to a child and ask him what it is, it takes him or her more time to recognize it. Come to think of it, a child could find a blue apple funny. It testifies to their sense of humour and the ability to laugh at clumsy things and things that are incorrect. If a child uses such symbolism in a Mind Map, he is expressing his sense of humour. He may also be getting some facts to stand out. Maybe you want to learn and teach a language. Your child is having to learn one. Some languages such as French and Hindi have more than one gender. There may be two genders-masculine and feminine; or three-masculine, feminine, and neuter. Gender is always crucial and has to be learned along with the vocabulary. The way to do this is to add a further dimension to your mental image of each word by colouring it according to its gender. You can choose your own colours for masculine, feminine, and neuter (if necessary), but you must stick to using the same ones all the time. As you learn each new word, mentally apply the relevant colour to the image. You might choose blue for masculine words, red for feminine. Then, if the word dog is masculine, colour it blue; if the word door is feminine, colour it red. Let a child do this, and it could bring out the most humorous side, leading to fun and game playing and memorizing. Note: not true. Try Hindi words and colour them. Chapter 5- Fun and games in Mind Mapping This continues from where Chapter 4 did not leave off because children like to have fun. Everyone who is six or seven or eight years old likes to play. The nine and ten year olds like to play physical and mental games as well as their interests begin to turn towards the world, towards themselves and their cohort group. This broad description is true for all children, within the varieties of their individual personalities, geographical location and material to play with. Children in this country fit into childhood along conventional lines, then grow up with greater awareness of the opportunities at their disposal, or the lack of opportunities. It is impressed upon children in India that school work and outdoor activities should be given maximum value. Our children are taught to respect and please their elders. They are given to understand that success in the future is based on this. There is also currently a move to ease the pressures of serious, academic school curriculum under any of the national boards. The total expected of school children is a great deal. Concerned adults have come to understand that there is more to growing up than serious study and not stepping out of line. They have come to understand that a factor such as childhood fun, has to be maintained for children. Educationists have provided a powerful tool. They have provided a concept such as Mind Maps, which allow the academically driven child to use tools such as fun and games to study. The medium of such study is the Mind Map. The drive is towards a balance between school related activities for junior and secondary school children. It is also the reason why Mind Mapping is being picked up by parents and teachers for young children, and the reason why children are responding readily to learning through Mind Mapping. Adults who enable children to Mind Map are aware of the nature of Mind Mapping. Children approach the process as though it is a craft which they can handle and get better at, a kind of hobby. They say that they look forward to Mind Mapping because of the fun element that it embodies. When a child of six starts out with Mind Mapping, he thinks of it as a learning game and possibly another form of childs play. Different types of play Physical play Motor play provides critical opportunities for children to develop both individual gross and fine muscle strength and assists coordination of movement and muscle, nerve, and brain functions. Recent research has confirmed the critical link between stimulating activity, logical thought (maturity) and brain development. Young children must have ample opportunities to develop physically. The process takes place through motor play and increases the young childs confidence towards more physical activity. Social Play A variety of opportunities for children to engage in social play are the best mechanisms for progressing through the different social stages. Children are placed in a group with their peers in the process of attending school. By interacting with others in play settings, children learn social rules such as, give and take, reciprocity, cooperation, and sharing. Through a range of interactions with children at different social stages, children also learn about their own wants and emotions. The interactions with their peers and older children teach them to apply modelling and to use moral reasoning to develop a mature sense of values. Children need to participate in a variety of social situations so that they can function effectively in the systems of learning and application of that learning. Constructive Play Constructive play is when children manipulate their environment to create things. It could take place when they play with sand and water, construct simple toys such as dolls and miniature models and draw on the floor and wall with whatever they have at hand. Constructive play allows children to experiment with objects and figure out patterns and combinations that work and dont work. They make simple conclusions about their play and art, about song and achievement. Constructive play gives children a sense of accomplishment and empowerment. It gives them the realization that they can make a difference to things around them, their environment. It is childs play which provides the child with the realization that she can handle and manipulate objects for different purposes. The child with growing confidence translates these conclusions towards manipulating words, ideas and concepts. Fantasy Play Six and seven and eight year olds gain an understanding of mental operations and think logically about concrete events but have difficulty understanding abstract concepts. Abstract concepts are matters which can be explained and talked about, like whether the rules of a game are right or unjust. As their mental operations grow, children close to ten and above begin to think in logical ways, though they may not recognise this fact as well as their parents or teachers. They are reasoning and building on any mental operations from an earlier age. Children teach themselves abstract symbolism. They can deconstruct from the final product of constructive play. They learn to role play and apply imagined situations. They experiment with language and formulate their own words and expressions. They are exercising their imagination and diverse relationships at home and with friends. In addition, children develop flexible thinking and learn to base information on factors beyond the immediate. Adults may think that particular children are describing the parameters of a different truth. It is just that children are trying their best to stretch the boundaries of their lives and are testing adult-given rules. Other ideas, concepts, dreams, and histories are all part of fantasy play. In a society driven by technology and the absolute, children have to practice with any and all forms of abstraction time, place, amount, symbols, words, and ideas. In a way, these are essential for growth for a childs mind. Games With Rules Developmentally, most children progress from an egocentric view of the world to an understanding of the importance of social contracts and rules. Part of this development occurs as they participate in traditional games. In traditional societies, the girls play a different set of games e.g. rhymes set to the swing of the skipping rope. Boys wait to be included in football and any ball game, just like the boys in the more senior classes. The games with rules method teaches children a critically important concept that any business in life has rules (laws). It becomes apparent that Constructive Play comes to the fore when children Mind Map. Children work with materials of paper and pencil, they accomplish something and feel empowered when they have tackled something like a difficult lesson, completed their homework and done well in an exam thanks to the Mind Map of that topic. At a secondary level, Social Play was involved if the children undertook the Mind Map as a team. It was fun, and also had Games with Rules. Within the free form of the Mind Map, there were steps to be taken and motor coordination as in Physical Play. The rules of the games have been researched and studied. A Mind Map is fun for young children to make. As far as they are concerned, it is a better way to learn. It not the type of learning that imposes on their faculties. They can take any fact from their texts or a lesson taught during the week. They can look inside their minds or their texts or books from the library or from what their teacher said. They can put it down colourfully while they connect other interesting facts to the central one. They can have as much fun putting in on paper colourfully and as correctly as they can. A good idea never loses its currency and simple ideas are often the best ones. As they become accustomed to using Mind Maps and learn in a visual way, they should be encouraged to use them for taking notes in school. The quick shorthand way of recording information carries on being a great, fun way to study. When they get to the stage of doing school tests, they should be shown how to summarize entire chapters of their schoolbooks on a single page Mind Map. Revision can be fun too, as the children grow more sure of what they know and how they will recall facts and events for the test. Mind mappings can help revision, even if teachers course notes are conventional. They condense material into a concise, memorable format. You have sown the first seeds of structured thinking and have used your kids natural associated memory to learn things without the pressure of getting every little bit right, without the option of exerting their own creative play options of what ifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? It really is that simple and your kids will thank you for this gift of learning in the years to come. Once they become addicted to using the computer, you can introduce them to electronic versions of Mind Mapping which can be bought cheaply on the internet and downloaded immediately. Your children have accumulated data in Mind Map form. They have observed the strands of their accumulated knowledge and made more associations than in the early attempt. The completed Mind Map is a thought-generating tool and the best part of it as far as the children are concerned, was the fun they had and the games-type play they had while they went about it. Mind Map game boards The board games promise idea generation, fun and creativity. They sound just like Mind Maps, in fact. The game boards can be used for light-hearted fun and idea generation, both for school work and at home. As with Mind Maps, adults try them out first. The objective is to generate random new ideas in a fun way. Older children work towards team building and solution finding. Key elements of the game contain spaces where inventive young minds can add words to elements known as thought clouds. It includes card paper and labels. Children begin by selecting a theme and adding words to the game board. Here, the random words are selected before the main illustration. This can be placed face down. Then, a dice, coin or disc is thrown on to the Mind Map game board. The place where it lands is the prompt to be followed. Chances are, that the dice will land on a word. The player can select a theme for words to add or select words, the meaning of which is abstract and can be used to denote a great many different things. Remember the Fantasy Play above? The potential uses are infinite. The game boards present a fun, imaginative and creative way to utilise the Mind Map format. Fun can also be added to the game board by sharing out or selecting chores. Using associations Childrens and adults alike love to form links between pieces of information, building up a repertoire of associations. When any brain receives new information, it searches in its long-term memory for something the same or similar, so that it can understand what it is. This happens in less than an instant and is not a conscious process. Creating associations is the second stage of Mind Mapping as you will remember. Creating associations is also very helpful in improving memory. By actively creating a personal link for your brain to hook on to, you give your memory something to work with, helping it to retrieve it later. Play association games-perhaps your child will carry on with it on bus journeys to school: she will ask her companions given a word (maybe a key word from an interesting language or history lesson) what is the first thing they think of? It leads to peer group learning, but informally, out of the class room. It speeds up the process of making associations, a technique that helps to improve memory. Memorising facts and figures Being able to recall facts and figures improves a childs chances of doing better in exams and also her general knowledge-and is invaluable if she want to enter quizzes or competitions. There is the Association Technique which will be described in much details later. Basically, your child learns to create an image out of each piece of information, then she learns to link them together. For example, if she wants to remember that Pt Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India in 1947, she would create an image for the year and attach it to Pt Jawaharlal Nehru giving his freedom at midnight speech. The important thing is to create an image that is memorable for her and therefore will help her to recall the associated information. Crossword, word and maths games Childrens brains are always more active than adults. Exercises that keep your memory and brain active can also be undertaken by them. They would require some mental effort. Crosswords and word games are excellent, because they are pushed to recall words that they might not use regularly. It increases their vocabulary, important in any subject and with any learning method, especially Mind Mapping. Remember the importance of key words in Mind Mapping? Children would be encouraged to use the newly learnt words more often. That in turn makes them more articulate and confident. Childrens puzzle books such as crossword puzzle books are available in plenty in any book store. For children as young as six, it would also lead to a general love of puzzles and maybe on to participation in general knowledge quizzes. In addition, most of these puzzle books can be coloured by pencil or crayons, thereby increasing their sense of what colour means to them personally. Play word games with your children. It will help stretch them in a fun way while keeping you on your toes. Practice mental arithmetic when you are stuck in traffic and present the problem with your children. You know the answer when you practiced it in your head. It train children to do simple arithmetic in their heads from a young age whenever the opportunity arises. You could ask a six year old to add up the cost of the items in your cart before you get to the checkout. Or you could ask your ten year old to divide a restaurant bill between your friends or his. The method has an additional benefit of getting him to grasp the value of money. try You can always confirm the results on a calculator and also show him how to do this. As your mind becomes more efficiently active at simple arithmetic, he will learn to rely on it. It keeps his short term memory agile and he appreciates how simple sums can be used in everyday life. Your child will do his maths Mind Map with small sums in the associated links in very little time. The Mind Mapping Game This was taken from a verified and respected blog. The contributor refers to Getting Things Done, a book by David Allen. One of the steps recommended in Getting Things Done is to brainstorm to capture all the elements necessary to complete a project. The suggested way to do this is via Mind Mapping. The author says that when he first heard about Mind Mapping, it was in senior school and he was a snotty know-it-all who thought that he was above every concept that he did not already know. Which meant that he kind of brushed it off. He claims that now that he is an adult and a bit more mature, he is giving it a try using a piece of software. He is not just giving it a try. He has discovered that Mind Mapping is a blast. The one random topic he picked is providing a lot of entertainment. More than this, just getting the thoughts out of his head is a rewarding experience, and it is revealing a lot of the steps necessary to complete the project. He definitely recommends giving it a try. He recommends that other adults experiment with Mind Mapping on their next project. He just wishes that other than finding out about Mind Mapping when he was in senior school and when he did nothing about it, that he had started still earlier. He wishes that someone, anyone of the adults had made him sit down and actually do a Mind Map. He would have got a great many things done, he feels. This is his greatest regret that he has woken up to how to manage his time, improve his memory and creative instincts at his late age. He is having a blast, but he could have done that some twenty years ago with Mind Mapping.

The Federal Reserve: Central Banking In The Us Essay -- Economics Econ

The Federal Reserve: Central Banking in the U.S. The Federal Reserve as we know it today was created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson. The Fed, as it is commonly referred, is the central bank for the United States. Primarily, the Fed's job is to manage our nation's money supply. Prior to establishing the central bank, the United States did not have a money manager and the financial system was similar to the nation itself, "diverse and subject to uneven growth" (San Francisco). This led to frequent depressions and financial panics, and after the Bank Panic of 1907, which consisted of heavy withdrawal of funds, large importations of gold, and among other things, a major bank failing, the public realized a central bank was necessary (Herrick). The Federal Reserve System is composed of four basic components; the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, the Federal Open Market Committee, the Federal Reserve Banks, and member banks. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is an independent federal agency that does not receive any funding from Congress. The Board is made up of seven members who are appointed by the president for one term of 14 years that can span multiple presidential and congressional terms. Two of the appointees are designated by the president as the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board, to serve four-year terms, subject to Senate Confirmation. The Chairman of the Board of Governors is one of the most important decision-makers in American economic policies. Even though members function independently, the Board is required to make an annual report of operations to the Speaker of the House. If the president sees "cause," a member may be removed from the Board. T... ...rable stock in their regional Federal Reserve Bank. Works Cited "Court Rules Federal Reserve is Privately Owned." Save-A- Patriot. 23 Jul 2007 . "Fed FAQs." Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. 2007. 23 Jul 2007 . Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, "FED101." The Reserve Today. 2007. 23 Jul 2007 . "The Federal Reserve System in Brief: The Nation's Central Bank." Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. 30 Aug 2006. 23 Jul 2007 . Herrick, Myron. "The Panic of 1907 and Some of Its Lessons." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 31(1908): 8-25. Kemmerer, Edwin. The ABC of the Federal Reserve System. Fourth. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1920. Obringer, Lee Ann . "How the Fed Works." Howstuffworks. 02 May 1992. 23 Jul 2007 . "Open Market Operation." Federal Reserve Bank of New York. 2007. 23 Jul 2007 .

Conflict in the Most Dangerous Game Essay

Have you ever wondered how authors create or compose conï ¬â€šict into their stories? An author uses a method or way of developing conï ¬â€šict into the story using plots. Most stories follow a plot to construct the unique events of the story. Conï ¬â€šicts are very important in a story to help make the story more interesting and entertaining in itÊ ¼s own way. Authors use conï ¬â€šicts in all genres of writing and storytelling. When authors write a story with a conï ¬â€šict they usually build upon the story with some smaller problems called rising conï ¬â€šicts. They use these small encounters or problems to help amp up the story and make it more interesting. In some genres of writing the rising conï ¬â€šicts help the reader to understand and predict what will happen in the main conï ¬â€šict of the story. They hint and tease the reader into thinking what will happen by making that environment with the rising encounters. When the main conï ¬â€šict hits in most stories it feels like a slap in the face because you most likely had no idea what was going to happen. The conï ¬â€šict is supposed to surprise the reader and change the story completely. Once the conï ¬â€šict hits its over very soon and often there is no looking back. Thats one of the reasons that writers chose to include conï ¬â€šict in their stories. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† , Richard Connell provides one way of rising conï ¬â€šict called; Human vs Nature. This form of rising conï ¬â€šict shows a struggle between the character and the situation the character is put into. When Rainsford fell off of the yacht, and stumbled onto sand, that was a example of Human Vs. Nature in the story. Next, after the conï ¬â€šict the story will take one of two paths, it could suddenly end, but it could continue on into the story using falling conï ¬â€šicts.

Red Scarf Girl

Feelings of Sympathy There is nothing worse than the act of betrayal. Jiang Ji-li, a girl who was always praised by her teachers and always felt warmth in her home started to be exposed to the real world and how people can walk away from those who were there for them their whole life and treated as if they were non existent. She never thought that her fellow peers could deceive her, betray her. Who would have ever thought that the same people who Jiang Ji-li kindly helped with their home work could easily point their guns at her.Not only does the reader feel sympathetic towards Jiang Ji-li but also fury towards the students and how she was treated because of her family's black status. Jiang Ji-li is not really not to blame for what kind of traits she bears or her stance, she was babied and never really let out of her cage into the wild where she could see things for herself. Jiang Ji-li's weak character also contributes to the kind of mood the author feels during the time he/she read s the book.Ji-li, by the way she acts, she seems very fragile and she is not one that can easily accept what negative things that are said about her. Ji-li thinks that there is only good things and good people in the world. If it's not said or pointed out to her, she would never have noticed it. She is too carefree, allowing herself to think that there are only harmless people, that they would never hurt her until there was a da-zi-bao written about her, â€Å"Ke Cheng-li doesn't like working-class kids. He only likes rich kids†¦We have to ask the question, What is the relationship between them after all? † If she had been a very strong girl, knew where she stood and didn't care what others said about her or her family, the reader would have felt a different mood. Though there are other factors that contribute to the story, for instance â€Å"setting. † In this novel, it talks about the Cultural Revolution of Chairman Mao whose intention was to do good things to C hina starting by ridding the Four Olds and bringing in the Four News.Without this historical time period in the book, there would be no chaos in the country, and there would have been no class status that separated the rich from the working-class families. The setting affects the mood of the reader. If the author of the novel chose to change the setting and only the setting, there would be a huge to the mood the reader feels. â€Å"Suddenly I wished that I had been born into a different family. I hated Grandpa for being a landlord,† one cannot help but feel sympathetic towards Ji-li, who was not yet ready to face the cruel world.It's unimaginable how much anger can be inside her especially if she hates someone she has never met, which makes the reader feel pity for her. How hurt she must be, a girl always showered with warmth, love and compliments now being thrown dirt on. Throughout the book, I've felt sympathy towards Ji-li. She tries very hard to do what's right, and aims to be successful but her black class status held her back. Always fearing that people will make fun of her black class status, she shied away from doing things she wanted to do.In the epilogue of the book, even though Chairman Mao had died, her status continued to follow her, refraining her family to move forward, and remain under those who had better statuses. Some might feel fury towards the movement, how it was not right because it allowed many others, besides the Jiang family to suffer because of criticism due to their wealthy lifestyle or committing other â€Å"crimes. † What might make the reader feel especially sympathetic towards Ji-li's situation is how she was confused about what to do, she was suffering and she was told she had two roads she could take.She could either leave her parents and their family's black status or she could stay with her family and remain loyal. Ji-li didn't have a choice, she didn't choose to be born into the kind of family she was born in. Why did it matter that her grandfather was a landlord? She wasn't. The main contribution to the mood, in my opinion was probably the traits that Ji-li bear. What she felt, the readers could feel because it was her point of view that they looked at.

The Social History of the Birth Control Pill

The Social History of the Birth Control Pill Free Online Research Papers Throughout history, women’s lacked essential freedoms due to their obligation to maintain the home and bear children. Women were raised to be modest and asexual until marriage. During marriage, women still had to be modest, but they were encouraged to be very sexual beings with their husbands to reproduce. However, the act of bearing and raising children consumed women’s lives. Women were required to stay in the home and be good, maternal beings. It was only until the invention of the birth control pill that women were able to truly take some control over their bodies and livelihood. The duty of bearing children came with many consequences. The actual act of bearing children was dangerous. Multiple pregnancies took a health toll on a woman’s body and the field of obstetrics was new in medical research. Raising multiple children was also economically inconvenient, especially to the working class. Even when a second income was necessary in a household, women had no time to enter the work force as they were too busy being mothers. Clearly, women were restricted to this one societal role. The concept of birth control was not new. Women had been trying many ways to prevent pregnancy. Many of the beliefs to prevent pregnancy were folklore. For example, one of the popular ways of preventing pregnancy was throwing an ear of corn into the river. If a woman threw an ear of corn into a river, she thought she was protected from pregnancy for the entire month (Crawford and Unger 147). The concept of birth control intrigued many women, especially those looking to spread their horizons outside of persistent motherhood. The campaigning for birth control quickly became a popular feminist movement. The Comstact Act of 1873 hindered the birth control movement in the United States. The Comstock Act became federal law that made it illegal to send any obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious materials through the mail including pornography, contraceptive devices, or information about contraception and abortion (Gordon 23). Without any access to birth control, or better yet the knowledge of it, women lacked the freedom to reproductive choice. Anthony Comstock was the early force behind restrictions on birth control. He was a devout Christian who believed that the majority of American society was becoming licentious due to the contraceptive industry. Comstock headed for Washington in 1872 to further his cause. In 1873, Congress passed the Comstock Act, which was aimed at stopping trade in obscene literature and immoral articles. It also targeted information on birth control devices, sexually transmitted diseases, human sexuality, and abortion (Gordon 24). In a 1915 article, Margaret Sanger refers to the Comstock Law saying, There is nothing which causes so much laughter or calls forth so many joking comments by people in Europe as Comstockery in America (Kennedy 13). She challenged the law in 1916 by opening up the first birth control clinic in America and in 1936 she helped bring the case of United States v. One Package to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals (Kennedy 21). That decision allowed physicians to legally mail birth control devices and information throughout the country. Finally, in 1965, the Supreme Court case of Griswold v. Connecticut overturned the Comstock Law, ruling that the private use of contraceptives was a constitutional right (Kennedy 23). In America, it is commonly known that before World War I, society had the perception that woman’s primary function was to bear and raise children. Preparation for motherhood and marriage began shortly after a girl’s birth. Throughout a girl’s life, cleaning house and caring for children were the only skills that were taught to her. Women had no option to develop their individuality. Their status was identified with their husband’s status as â€Å"women were nothing more than property† (Crawford and Unger 101). The female role was a housewife and a mother, belonging to her husband. During World War I, women had to fend for themselves and their families without their husbands or fathers. During WWI some of the roles of women changed because they had to enter the work force to cover for the men off at war. However, by the 1930’s, the status of women in North America regressed. Men retook their jobs after WWI even though women finally maintained suffrage in 1920. By the Great Depression, because of the overwhelming rate of unemployment due to the depression, women were laid off before men (McCann 57). Many women ended up back in the home assuming traditional roles and regressing to their original status before WWI. Again, during World War II, women were once again thrown into the workforce. This was the beginning of the change in status and roles for women. However, women’s maternal roles were still continuing to hinder their equal entrance into the workforce with men. This provoked serious dedication to find a way to control pregnancy and motherhood. During this time, President Theodore Roosevelt shared a belief, held by the majority of politicians at the time, that families of America should act as servants of the state and should provide children to build national strength (McCann 50). This feeling in America was at the time when the industrialization was at its peak in the US and beginning to take hold else where in the world. Contraception was considered an ethical issue in that the majority of Americans believed it was a form of abortion and therefore immoral and was still enforced by the Comstock Laws. Gregory Pincus was an American physician, biologist, and researcher during the 20th Century. Early in his career he began studying hormonal biology and steroidal hormones, but his first breakthrough came in 1934 when was able to produce in vitro fertilization in rabbits (Kennedy 55). In 1953, Margaret Sanger and Katherine McCormick confronted Pincus with the idea of creating an oral contraceptive. He sought out Searle, a pharmaceutical company, about funding for their plan (58). Searles initial reaction was no because it jeopardized his company due to the austere birth control laws. Despite the fact that Searle had no intention of creating an oral contraceptive, Frank Colton, a chemist at the company, accidentally developed a type of one. Pincus was allowed to have samples of the drug for his research (60). In 1957 The Pill was released as a treatment for gynecological disorders. Finally, in 1960, it became FDA approved and by 1963, 1.2 million women were using it (62). Although Sear le was originally reluctant to fund research for an oral contraceptive, he soon reaped the rewards of the newly invented Pill, and monopolized the industry for a short time (63). Margaret Sanger watched her mother die at an early age, which was partly due to the stress of bearing eleven children. After her mothers death she worked as a nurse in New York City and saw many women die from childbirth and self-induced abortion. The horrors that she witnessed there caused her to devote much of her time to promoting birth control for women. She set up the first clinic in 1916 and founded the American Birth Control League in 1921 (Kennedy 12). She had always envisioned a birth control pill that would be much easier to use than the diaphragm. In 1950, she met up with Gregory Pincus, who researched her idea, and with Katherine McCormick, who funded it. Her exhaustive efforts paid off in 1960 when The Pill was finally approved and sold on the market. Katherine McCormick was born in 1875 to a wealthy Chicago family. Unlike many women of her time, she was granted the opportunity of attending college, but despite her education she married Stanley McCormick in 1904. However, two years after their marriage he developed schizophrenia and her life was greatly altered. She soon turned her focus to promoting the cause of womens suffrage. In 1917, McCormick met Margaret Sanger in Boston and they frequently kept in touch. During this time McCormick was devoted to researching schizophrenia while Margaret Sanger was adamant about pursuing the area of birth control. In 1947, McCormicks husband died and she was the heir to his $15 million fortune. She now decided to turn her attention to the birth control movement and joined forces with Sanger. With her astounding wealth, McCormick financed the majority of research and development of The Pill. Margaret Sanger dreamt of the idea of a birth control pill since she was a young woman. If she wasnt confined to the boundaries of her time, her and McCormick couldve researched and funded The Pill without the help of any male doctors or scientists. Unfortunately, the society that they lived in would not allow them to do so; they did go as far as they could. Many of their achievements go unnoticed, but both women were really the leading forces behind the development of The Pill. Margaret Sanger died in 1966 and Katherine McCormick in 1967, but fortunately, both lived to see their dream be fulfilled. Birth control appeared to be increasing isolation and mobility of the individual family (Birth Control in America). It allowed women to control the size of their family, and therefore taking control over their lives as well. Fewer children meant less work, more money, and more time for women. With the birth control movement, the family was reshaped in size from seven or eight children to what is more common today, two to three children. Perhaps this is because there were huge advancements for women that could come out of the use of birth control. However, only two issues were thought of in earnest during the period of the sexual revolution.† Margaret Sanger, who led the birth control movement and coined the term â€Å"birth control,† had said that â€Å"birth control is the first important step [a woman] must take towards the goal of[becoming] a man’s equal(Sanger B 1). Women no longer had to conform to the stereotypical name of mother and wife. This was great news for woman across the country, but it was threatening to most men. When sexual intercourse became shared and pregnancy became an option, the attitude shifted from child bearing to child rearing (Birth control in America). The second major issue to arise form birth control was the sense of independence that had entered the realm of feminism thanks to the option women now had to gain control of their own bodies. Women no longer had to enhance the masculine spirits but to express the feminine; the woman is not to preserve a man-made want but to create a human world by the fusion of the feminine element into all of its activities (Sanger A 36). The growing individualism of woman and the gathering support for the feminist cause can almost always be linked to the new power women had found at their fingertips with birth control. A promotion of the feminine spirit as a person and not as a servant to her husband could be seen in all of Sangers writings on why the practice of birth control was â€Å"so important in creating higher individuality† for women (Sanger B 3). Another important point which developed from the spread of knowledge and use of birth control was that it gave women the ability to pursue careers without having to go straight into motherhood. A woman could be sexually active and not worry about losing her job because of unplanned pregnancy. This also helped promote women in the workforce as the concept of birth control guaranteed a woman’s dedication to her job. It is true that birth control may not have been the sole factor in the womens movement and freedom of self, but without this key element the struggle would have been longer and harder. Birth control changed family size and structure. It gave women a new sexual freedom with their own body. It gave women a voice and their own identity, which in turn allowed them to have an identity that separates from their spouses. Birth control helped shift slightly the balance of power from only being masculine to shared between the sexes. The popularity of the birth control pill and this feminist movement has made a major impact on the difference of the roles and lifestyles of women. Today there are many women choosing to stay dedicated to their careers and decide when and if they want to have children. There is also less of a social stigma towards childless women because of birth control. WORKS CITED Crawford, Mary, and Rhoda Unger. Women and Gender: A Feminist Psychology. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Gordon, Linda. The Moral Property of Women: A History of Birth Control Practices in America. New York: Grossman Publishers, 1976. Kennedy, David M. Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970. McCann, Carole R. Birth Control Politics in the United States: 1916 – 1945. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994. Schulz, Amy J., and Leith Mullings. Gender, Race, Class, Health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006. Research Papers on The Social History of the Birth Control PillPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Discusion Board Own Opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discusion Board Own Opinion - Essay Example From an idealism perspective you have some nations fighting for their religion, or they use their religion as a pretext for war. You have other nations fighting for resources. America has always maintained, in any conflict it was involved in that they fight for the right of all humans to be free. I think the question that should be asked is why is America the only country that thinks it knows how to define freedom? Roosevelt was lucky, if you can call it that, that America’s economy lifted at a time when his policies of higher taxes and more jobs were stripping the country of any leisure spending. In his case the tax payers didn’t have a choice – they either paid taxes to pay for welfare programs, or to put people into work which amounted to the same thing. Obama, despite saying that he wants to follow FDR seems to think he can do the same thing but in a â€Å"different† way. The debate isn’t so much that Obama or FDR were right or wrong, but rather what system if any has ever been right. Economists say now that less than 5% of the population of America have 40% of the wealth. The rich-poor divide just keeps getting bigger and is now being seen on a global scale. But while there is still only two major parties in any democratic government voters only have two choices – left or right. Obama’s attempt to put himself in the middle is likely to backfire because when you are sitting in the middle you can get blasted from both sides. How is America’s current relationship with developing countries different from America’s relationship with the third world during the cold war? Is it different at all? What issues divide America and developing countries today? During the cold war America had a very clear policy about right and wrong – you were either a communist loving country, or you weren’t and America was helpful to any country that could show they were not allied with